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Adaptive Functioning in Clients With Intellectual Disabilities or Borderline Intellectual Functioning and Psychiatric
Femke Jonker1,2, Samantha Bouwmeester3, Peter de Looff1,3,4
1Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
Journal of Applied Research in Intellectual Disabilities : JARID
|August 11, 2026
Summary
Psychiatric conditions like autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and depression affect adaptive functioning in individuals with intellectual disabilities. Multiple comorbidities are linked to lower overall adaptive functioning scores.
Area of Science:
- Neurodevelopmental disorders
- Psychiatric comorbidity
- Adaptive functioning assessment
Background:
- Adaptive functioning is crucial for diagnosing intellectual disability and borderline intellectual functioning.
- Psychiatric comorbidities can significantly impair adaptive functioning.
- The study examines the link between psychiatric conditions and adaptive functioning in individuals with intellectual disabilities or borderline intellectual functioning.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the relationship between psychiatric comorbidity and adaptive functioning in individuals with intellectual disabilities or borderline intellectual functioning.
- To analyze how specific psychiatric disorders and the number of comorbidities influence adaptive functioning scores.
Main Methods:
- Compared adaptive functioning scores (using the ADAPT tool) between individuals with and without comorbid psychiatric disorders.
- Analyzed data from a large sample of 4376 clients.
Main Results:
- Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) was associated with lower adaptive functioning scores in individuals with intellectual disabilities.
- Depressive mood disorder was linked to higher adaptive functioning scores.
- An increasing number of psychiatric disorders correlated negatively with mean total adaptive functioning scores.
Conclusions:
- Accurate classification of intellectual disability and borderline intellectual functioning requires considering conditions like ASD and multiple comorbidities.
- Failure to account for psychiatric comorbidities may lead to misclassification of intellectual and borderline intellectual functioning.
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