Exploring early career pharmacists' sources of stress and their coping strategies: a qualitative interview study

Workplace stress is inversely correlated with job satisfaction and, when left unmanaged, can manifest as burnout. Prior research shows pharmacists under the age of thirty years and Early Career Pharmacists (ECPs) are at an especially high risk of burnout. This study aimed to: (i) explore the experiences of ECPs dealing with stress, (ii) determine the sources of stress and joy experienced by ECPs, and (iii) to explore strategies used by ECPs to reduce stress.

ECPs were recruited through social media. Following informed consent, semi-structured interviews based on Critical Incident Technique (CIT) were conducted in January-February 2025. Data were analysed using CIT and reflexive thematic analysis.

Twenty-four ECPs (mean age 29 years; mean experience 4 years; 75% female) described 80 critical incidents. Key stressors included: 1) lack of support by management, 2) self-imposed unrealistic expectations among ECPs and 3) feeling disrespected as healthcare professionals. Participants described a need for belonging and peer connection as a coping strategy.

The wellbeing and retention of pharmacists is paramount to an effective healthcare workforce and optimal patient care. These results have highlighted the areas requiring attention for pharmacist wellbeing, career retention and workforce sustainability.