Axial Compression Behaviour of Locking Plate Constructs in Different Fixation Functions in the Canine Femur

Area of Science:

• Orthopedic biomechanics
• Veterinary surgery
• Biomaterials engineering

Background:

• Locking plate constructs are widely used in fracture fixation.
• Understanding the mechanical behavior of different fixation strategies is crucial for optimal outcomes.
• Bone-implant load sharing significantly impacts construct performance and longevity.

Purpose of the Study:

• To compare the axial compression behavior of locking plate constructs with varying fixation functions.
• To evaluate construct stiffness, resistance to plastic deformation, and bone-implant load sharing.
• To determine the influence of fixation strategy on mechanical performance in canine femurs.

Main Methods:

• Canine femora were divided into four groups: intact, compression, neutralization, and bridge fixation.
• Axial compression testing was performed until construct failure.
• Key mechanical parameters including stiffness, elastic limit, maximum load, and failure modes were recorded.

Main Results:

• Construct stiffness varied significantly with fixation function.
• Intact femora and compression constructs exhibited the highest stiffness.
• Bridge fixation resulted in lower stiffness and a higher incidence of plate bending failure.

Conclusions:

• Fixation strategy critically impacts locking plate construct mechanical behavior.
• Restoring the bone column enhances load sharing and construct stiffness.
• Bridge fixation increases implant stress and susceptibility to plastic deformation.