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Innate immunity: current understandings and future perspectives
Chaoyu Zou1,2, Teng Ma1, Jing Li3
1Department of Biotherapy, Cancer Center and State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy
|August 12, 2026
Summary
Innate immunity, the body's first defense, uses pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to detect threats. Dysregulation causes diseases, but modulating these pathways offers therapeutic potential.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Innate immunity provides rapid, conserved defense against pathogens and injury.
- It utilizes germline-encoded pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) to identify pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) and danger-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs).
Purpose of the Study:
- To review major PRR families, signaling pathways, and regulatory mechanisms of innate immunity.
- To explore the role of innate immunity in various diseases and discuss therapeutic strategies.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of innate immune mechanisms, signaling, regulation, and disease association.
- Analysis of recent findings on trained immunity, innate immune memory, and therapeutic interventions.
Main Results:
- Innate immunity involves PRRs, cytokine production, and inflammasome activation.
- Sophisticated regulatory circuits (transcriptional, epigenetic, metabolic) calibrate responses.
- Dysregulated innate immunity is implicated in autoimmune disorders, inflammation, and cancer.
- Trained immunity and epigenetic remodeling enhance secondary responses.
- Modulating PRRs offers therapeutic avenues for vaccines, cancer, and inflammatory diseases.
Conclusions:
- Innate immunity plays a critical role in health and disease.
- Understanding innate immune pathways opens avenues for novel therapeutic strategies and clinical translation.
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