Recent advances in Prussian blue analogue based nanomaterials for sensitive biosensing

Realizing precise and sensitive detection of biomarkers is crucial for clinical diagnosis, environmental monitoring, and food safety regulation; however, their performance strongly relies on the properties of sensing materials. As a new type of biological sensing material, Prussian blue analogues (PBAs) have significant advantages, such as a three-dimensional (3D) porous lattice structure for ion transport, tunable multi-nanomicrobial enzyme catalytic properties, excellent electronic conductivity, and reversible redox characteristics. Recent years have witnessed the rapid development of sensors based on PBA-based sensing materials. To gain a better understanding of this interesting field, this review summarizes recent achievements using PBA-based materials for sensing. The review focuses on the structural and chemical composition, physiochemical properties, preparation, and modification of typical PBA-based materials. In addition, the review places special emphasis on the applications of various PBA-based materials in electrochemical, electrochemiluminescence, chemiluminescence, and colorimetry sensors, aiming to present the current status of PBA-based materials for sensing. Furthermore, the review ends with discussions of current challenges and future perspectives of the modifications of PBA-based biosensors, hoping to guide the construction of more advanced sensors.