Nutrient and Discretionary Food Intake in Vegan Adult Australians: A Cross-Sectional Study

Area of Science:

• Nutritional Science
• Dietary Assessment
• Public Health Nutrition

Background:

• Growing interest in vegan diets necessitates understanding their nutritional adequacy.
• Limited data exists on the dietary intake of contemporary Australian vegans.
• Previous research indicates potential micronutrient deficiencies in plant-based diets.

Purpose of the Study:

• To assess the dietary intake of adult Australian vegans.
• To compare nutrient intake against Australian Nutrient Reference Values (NRVs).
• To identify risks of micronutrient inadequacy and factors influencing it.

Main Methods:

• Sixty-six adult vegans completed two four-day semi-weighed food diaries.
• Dietary intake (diet and supplements) was compared to NRVs.
• Micronutrient inadequacy risk assessed using the cut-point method against EAR/AI.

Main Results:

• Macronutrient distribution and protein intake were adequate for the vegan sample.
• Key nutrients at risk of inadequacy included vitamin B12, calcium, iodine, selenium, zinc, and omega-3 fatty acids.
• Dietary supplements did not fully correct observed micronutrient shortfalls; discretionary foods contributed 24.2% to energy intake.

Conclusions:

• While macronutrient intake is generally adequate, Australian vegans face significant risks of multiple micronutrient deficiencies.
• Supplementation alone is insufficient to ensure adequate intake of all essential micronutrients.
• Practical support and education are crucial for achieving nutritionally adequate vegan diets.