Equity gaps in screening utilization for chronic eye conditions: Evidence from a population-based survey in Germany

Area of Science:

• Ophthalmology
• Public Health
• Health Services Research

Background:

• Preventive ophthalmologic examinations are crucial for early detection of eye diseases.
• Understanding utilization patterns and payment determinants is key to improving access to eye care.
• Equity gaps in healthcare access remain a significant public health concern.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate factors influencing the use of preventive eye exams in Germany.
• To explore the determinants of out-of-pocket payments for these examinations.
• To identify potential equity gaps among different socioeconomic groups.

Main Methods:

• A population-based, representative online survey of 1,008 adults in Germany.
• Descriptive and binary logistic regression analyses were employed.
• Key outcomes included utilization of preventive eye exams and out-of-pocket payments.

Main Results:

• 35.8% of respondents had a preventive eye exam in the past 12 months.
• Utilization was higher for individuals in relationships, with existing eye disease, or recent GP/optician visits.
• Sociodemographic factors showed some association with out-of-pocket payments in univariable but not multivariable analyses.

Conclusions:

• Preventive eye exams are predominantly used by those with prior healthcare engagement or diagnosed eye conditions.
• Observed sociodemographic payment differences warrant cautious interpretation.
• Findings suggest a need for strategies to enhance access to preventive eye care for underserved populations.