Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 14, 2026

10:09
Operation of the Collaborative Composite Manufacturing (CCM) System
Published on: October 1, 2019
"I" calling in group: How collaborative crafting and LMX augment team performance
Shazia Humayun1, Sharjeel Saleem2, Muhammad Ali Hussain3
1Department of Business Administration, Baba Guru Nanak University, Nankana Sahib, Pakistan.
Plos One
|August 12, 2026
Summary
Employees living their calling enhances team performance through collaborative job crafting. Leader-member exchange (LMX) further strengthens this positive relationship, shifting focus from individual to team dynamics.
Area of Science:
- Organizational Behavior
- Team Performance
- Meaningful Work
Background:
- Calling research traditionally focuses on individual outcomes.
- The link between individual calling and team performance remains underexplored.
- Leader-member exchange (LMX) is a key factor in follower outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the impact of calling on team performance.
- To examine collaborative crafting as a mediator.
- To determine LMX's role as a boundary condition.
Main Methods:
- Utilized survey data from 198 Pakistani manufacturing workers across 49 teams.
- Applied statistical analysis to test mediation and moderation hypotheses.
- Drew upon Lewin's Field Theory to frame the study.
Main Results:
- Employees' calling positively influences team performance.
- Collaborative job crafting mediates the relationship between calling and team performance.
- LMX strengthens the indirect effect of calling on team performance.
Conclusions:
- Calling research can be extended to the team level.
- Collaborative crafting is a key mechanism linking individual calling to collective performance.
- LMX acts as a boundary condition, enhancing the calling-performance link at the team level.
Related Concept Videos
Social Loafing
Another way in which a group presence can affect performance is social loafing—the exertion of less effort by a person working together with a group. Social loafing occurs when our individual performance cannot be evaluated separately from the group. Thus, group performance declines on easy tasks (Karau & Williams, 1993). Essentially individual group members loaf and let other group members pick up the slack. Because each individual’s efforts cannot be evaluated, individuals become less...
Impression Management Techniques IV: Altercasting
Altercasting is a strategic communication technique in which an individual imposes a specific identity or social role onto another person to influence their behavior and shape the interaction. By presuming a role—such as “responsible leader” or “patient person”—altercasting encourages the target to conform to that identity, often aligning their behavior with the expectations associated with the role. The power of this tactic lies in its subtlety; once a role is assigned, it becomes socially...
Robbers Cave
During the 1950s, the landmark Robbers Cave experiment demonstrated that when groups must compete with one another, intergroup conflict, hostility, and even violence may result. At the Oklahoman summer camp, two troops of boys—termed the Rattlers and the Eagles—took part in a week-long tournament. During this time, their negativity culminated in derogatory name-calling, fistfights, and even vandalism and destruction of property. However, this work also revealed that such tension could be...
Social Facilitation
Not all intergroup interactions lead to negative outcomes. Sometimes, being in a group situation can improve performance. Social facilitation occurs when an individual performs better when an audience is watching than when the individual performs the behavior alone. This typically occurs when people are performing a task for which they are skilled.
Group Therapy
Group therapy is a sociocultural approach to psychological treatment, where individuals with shared psychological challenges come together under the guidance of a mental health professional. This therapeutic modality offers unique opportunities for individuals to connect, share, and grow within the context of a supportive group. By fostering mutual understanding and collaboration, group therapy can address a range of psychological concerns effectively, often complementing or surpassing the...
In- and Out-Groups
People all belong to a gender, race, age, and social economic group. These groups provide a powerful source of our identity and self-esteem (Tajfel & Turner, 1979) and serve as our in-groups. An in-group is a group that we identify with or see ourselves as belonging to.