From Foundational Caregiving to Maternal Eudaimonic Well-Being: The Role of Parenting and Interaction Competence

Background/Objectives: The transition to early parenthood is a pivotal phase influencing maternal mental health. Although parenting competence may support maternal adjustment, it is often treated as a unitary construct. This study examined the associations among foundational caregiving competence, developmental parenting and interaction competence, and eudaimonic parental well-being in first-time mothers. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted with 372 first-time mothers whose young children attended licensed infant daycare centers in northern Taiwan. Participants completed questionnaires regarding the three study constructs and demographic characteristics. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, Pearson correlations, and partial least squares structural equation modeling. Results: Foundational caregiving competence was strongly associated with developmental parenting and interaction competence, which was positively associated with eudaimonic parental well-being. The direct association between foundational caregiving competence and eudaimonic parental well-being was not statistically significant after developmental parenting and interaction competence was included in the model. However, a significant indirect association was observed through developmental parenting and interaction competence. Conclusions: Relational, developmental, and role-oriented parenting competence was more closely associated with mothers' experiences of meaning, fulfillment, and relational satisfaction than practical caregiving competence alone. Given the cross-sectional design and modest explanatory power, the findings represent preliminary associations rather than causal evidence. They may inform future parenting-support services that distinguish practical caregiving capacities from relational and developmental parenting competencies.