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Published on: March 13, 2018
Laser Additively Manufactured High-Entropy Alloys via Laser Powder Bed Fusion and Laser-Directed Energy Deposition:
Meng-Yun Lee1,2,3, Hyoung Seop Kim2,4, An-Chou Yeh1,3,5
1Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, 101, Sec. 2, Kuang-Fu Road, Hsinchu 300044, Taiwan.
Materials (Basel, Switzerland)
|August 13, 2026
Summary
Laser additive manufacturing of high-entropy alloys (HEAs) requires integrated design and processing frameworks. This review unifies composition, printability, and microstructure to optimize HEA performance for structural applications.
Area of Science:
- Materials Science
- Metallurgy
- Additive Manufacturing
Background:
- High-entropy alloys (HEAs) exhibit exceptional mechanical and thermal properties, suitable for advanced structural applications.
- Laser-based additive manufacturing (LBAM) techniques like LPBF and LDED enable complex HEA component fabrication with unique microstructures.
- Distinct thermal histories in LPBF and LDED significantly influence HEA solidification, segregation, stress, defects, and properties.
Purpose of the Study:
- To establish a unified framework linking composition, process, structure, and properties for laser additively manufactured HEAs.
- To systematically review HEA concepts, LBAM process characteristics, and their impact on microstructural evolution and mechanical performance.
- To emphasize the critical role of printability in alloy design and process optimization.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of existing literature on laser additively manufactured HEAs.
- Analysis of composition-process-structure-property relationships across FCC, refractory, and dual-phase HEA systems.
- Discussion of solidification behavior, phase formation, defect evolution, and mechanical properties under varying thermal conditions.
Main Results:
- Printability must be integrated into HEA design, considering solidification, cracking, phase stability, and defects.
- Post-processing can mitigate residual stress and defects but may cause thermal softening or brittle phase formation.
- CALPHAD, ICME, ML, and in situ monitoring are key for accelerating optimization.
Conclusions:
- A unified composition-process-structure-property framework is crucial for advancing laser additively manufactured HEAs.
- Careful consideration of printability during alloy design and process selection is essential for optimal performance.
- Further development of reproducible process windows, defect criteria, databases, and qualification protocols is needed for industrial adoption.
