Factors Associated with Glucocorticoid Withdrawal in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus: A Multicentre ANSWER-SLE Cohort

To examine the rate of glucocorticoid (GC) discontinuation and to identify factors associated with successful GC withdrawal in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE).

This multicentre retrospective study used data from the ANSWER-SLE cohort. Patients fulfilling the 2019 ACR/EULAR classification criteria and registered between October 2023 and May 2025 were included. Patients were classified by GC status at enrolment as follows: discontinued GCs (Group 1), GC-naïve (Group 2), or continuing GC therapy (Group 3).

Among 1,689 patients, 107 (6.3%) were in Group 1, 130 (7.7%) in Group 2, and 1,452 (86.0%) in Group 3. Disease duration was longest in Group 3 (P<0.001). Group 2 had lower total 2019 classification scores (P=0.008), higher LLDAS attainment (P<0.001), and lower SLICC Damage Index scores (P<0.001). Group 1 had the highest concomitant use of hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) (P<0.001), mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) (P<0.001), and belimumab (P=0.001). In multivariable Cox regression analysis, older age at disease onset (HR=1.049, P<0.001), HCQ (HR=5.75, P<0.001), MMF (HR=1.82, P=0.009), and belimumab (HR=1.72, P=0.041) were independently associated with GC discontinuation.

GC withdrawal may be achievable in selected patients with SLE, particularly those receiving HCQ, MMF, and belimumab, and in patients with an older age at disease onset.