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Updated: Aug 15, 2026

Robot-Assisted Transcanal Endoscopic Ear Surgery for Congenital Cholesteatoma
Published on: December 15, 2023
[Research progress and prospects on the pathogenesis, clinical characteristics, and auditory intervention of
Q X Wang1, C L Li1, T Y Zhang1
1Department of Facial Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Eye & ENT Hospital of Fudan University, NHC Key Laboratory of Hearing Medicine (Fudan University), Shanghai 200031, China.
Abstract:
Congenital external and middle ear malformations (CEMEMs) represent a key etiology of conductive hearing loss, arising from dysplastic development of the first and second pharyngeal arches during embryogenesis. These malformations may occur in isolation or as a localized manifestation of a syndrome. This review synthesizes recent evidence-based medical findings to elaborate on advances in understanding the pathogenic mechanisms, clinical characteristics, and auditory intervention strategies for CEMEMs, thereby offering a reference framework for clinical diagnosis and management.
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