Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 15, 2026

Induction of Invasive Transitional Cell Bladder Carcinoma in Immune Intact Human MUC1 Transgenic Mice: A Model for Immunotherapy Development
11:02

Induction of Invasive Transitional Cell Bladder Carcinoma in Immune Intact Human MUC1 Transgenic Mice: A Model for Immunotherapy Development

Published on: October 30, 2013

Chrono-immunotherapy in genitourinary oncology: From emerging evidence to clinical translation (Review)

Osama Zein Deen1, Xin Ye1, Patsy Lee1

  • 1Department of Medical Oncology, BC Cancer, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4E6, Canada.

Oncology Letters
|August 14, 2026
PubMed

The intersection of immunotherapy and circadian biology represents a promising translational frontier in genitourinary (GU) oncology. Immunotherapy has reshaped the treatment landscape and markedly influenced patient outcomes in renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and urothelial carcinoma (UC), yet therapeutic responses remain variable, highlighting the necessity for strategies that can further enhance therapeutic efficacy. Notably, the circadian regulation of immune cell trafficking plays a central role in immune function and tumor biology. Retrospective analyses have suggested that earlier time-of-day administration of immunotherapy improves patient outcomes in RCC and UC. To facilitate the translation of chrono-immunotherapy from a theoretical concept to a clinical standard for patients, the present review assesses the biological rationale behind chronotherapy, summarizes clinical and scientific evidence regarding its therapeutic potential and provides a method for the prospective validation of chronotherapy in GU oncology. The present review also identifies current limitations in chrono-immunotherapy data and proposes potential solutions to validate this data and guide its translation into clinical practice.

Keywords:
GU oncologyRCCUCchrono-immunotherapycircadian rhythmtime-of-day administration

More Related Videos

A Syngeneic Mouse Model of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma for Quantitative and Longitudinal Assessment of Preclinical Therapies06:38

A Syngeneic Mouse Model of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma for Quantitative and Longitudinal Assessment of Preclinical Therapies

Published on: April 12, 2017

Analysis of Human T Cell Activity in an Allogeneic Co-Culture Setting of Pre-Treated Tumor Cells09:04

Analysis of Human T Cell Activity in an Allogeneic Co-Culture Setting of Pre-Treated Tumor Cells

Published on: March 7, 2025

Related Concept Videos

Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...
Cancer Therapies02:49

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...
Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...