Exploring Ferroptosis: A Key Mechanism in Respiratory System Diseases and its Therapeutic Potential

Respiratory system diseases are currently the main cause of high incidence and mortality rates worldwide. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the third leading cause of death globally. Currently, treatment outcomes are unsatisfactory. This is partly due to the incomplete elucidation of programmed cell death pathways. Ferroptosis is a lipid peroxidation-driven iron-dependent form of cell death. It has become a key mechanism in the study of respiratory system pathophysiology. We systematically explored the molecular basis of ferroptosis which includes core aspects such as iron metabolism disorders, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defence. We also elaborate on the role of ferroptosis in COPD, pulmonary fibrosis, acute lung injury, lung cancer, asthma and pulmonary infections. We focus on summarizing emerging therapeutic targets and potential biomarkers via integrating new insights at the mechanism level and clinical significance. A deeper understanding of the above content will help promote the development of precise intervention strategies for respiratory system diseases.