Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 19, 2026

Calibration of Vector Network Analyzer for Measurements in Radio Frequency Propagation Channels
10:00

Calibration of Vector Network Analyzer for Measurements in Radio Frequency Propagation Channels

Published on: June 2, 2020

Fixed-Time Synchronization of Networked Neutral-Type Filippov Systems With Application to RLC Transmission Line

Pingping Meng, Fanchao Kong, Yin Sheng

    IEEE Transactions on Cybernetics
    |August 17, 2026
    PubMed
    Abstract

    Related Concept Videos

    Transmission-Line Differential Equations01:26

    Transmission-Line Differential Equations

    Transmission lines are essential components of electrical power systems. They are characterized by the distributed nature of resistance (R), inductance (L), and capacitance (C) per unit length. To analyze these lines, differential equations are employed to model the variations in voltage and current along the line.
    Line Section Model
    A circuit representing a line section of length Δx helps in understanding the transmission line parameters. The voltage V(x) and current i(x) are measured from the...
    Linear Approximation in Frequency Domain01:26

    Linear Approximation in Frequency Domain

    Linear systems are characterized by two main properties: superposition and homogeneity. Superposition allows the response to multiple inputs to be the sum of the responses to each individual input. Homogeneity ensures that scaling an input by a scalar results in the response being scaled by the same scalar.
    In contrast, nonlinear systems do not inherently possess these properties. However, for small deviations around an operating point, a nonlinear system can often be approximated as linear.
    Linear time-invariant Systems01:23

    Linear time-invariant Systems

    A system is linear if it displays the characteristics of homogeneity and additivity, together termed the superposition property. This principle is fundamental in all linear systems. Linear time-invariant (LTI) systems include systems with linear elements and constant parameters.
    The input-output behavior of an LTI system can be fully defined by its response to an impulsive excitation at its input. Once this impulse response is known, the system's reaction to any other input can be calculated...
    Transmission Line Design Considerations01:23

    Transmission Line Design Considerations

    Aluminum has become the material of choice for overhead transmission lines, surpassing copper due to its abundance and cost-effectiveness. The most prevalent type is the aluminum conductor, steel-reinforced (ACSR), which combines aluminum strands around a steel core. Other variants include all-aluminum conductors (AAC), all-aluminum alloy conductors (AAAC), aluminum conductor alloy-reinforced (ACAR), and aluminum-clad steel conductors. Advanced designs, such as aluminum conductors with steel...
    Parallel RLC Circuits01:14

    Parallel RLC Circuits

    Street lamps equipped with RLC surge protectors are an excellent example of applying circuit analysis in practical scenarios. These surge protectors safeguard the lamp's components against sudden voltage spikes.
    A simplified parallel RLC circuit model with a DC input source generating a step response is employed in this context. When the switch is turned on, Kirchhoff's current law is applied, leading to a second-order differential equation.
    Lossless Lines01:23

    Lossless Lines

    In electrical engineering, a lossless transmission line is characterized by a purely imaginary propagation constant and a resistive characteristic impedance. The ABCD parameters, which describe the relationship between the input and output voltages and currents, indicate an equivalent π circuit with an imaginary series impedance and a shunt admittance. This results in a transmission line that, when the product of the phase constant (beta) and the length of the line is less than pi, exhibits...