A Smart Dressing With Multimodal Humidity-Temperature Sensing for Real-Time Monitoring and Accelerated Wound Healing

The rising burden of chronic refractory wounds demands materials that accelerate healing and enable precise microenvironment monitoring. Although smart dressings with flexible sensing show promise, current systems remain limited to single-signal detection without therapeutic efficacy. Herein, we propose a multimodal humidity-temperature responsive dressing for real-time monitoring and accelerated wound healing. The smart dressing (MSCP/CS/E-MSCP, ECP) comprises three layers: a hydrophobic bottom MSCP layer of polylactic acid (PLA) nanofiber membranes loaded with MXene@sodium alginate (SA)@carboxylated polyaniline (C-PANI) composite particles for humidity-temperature sensing; a chitosan (CS) aerogel transport layer for exudate management; and a hydrophilic top E-MSCP layer from ethanol-treated MSCP. It achieves unidirectional water transport and manages the wound microenvironment, with exceptional sensitivity (- 99.32%, ≥4.19°C^-1), resolution (1%RH, 0.1°C), and response range (11%-98%RH, 33°C-43°C) for real-time monitoring. Using a standard acute full-thickness wound model, in vitro and in vivo assays show that the ECP accelerates healing by promoting cell migration, collagen deposition, angiogenesis, and immunomodulation. Real-time data are processed by a convolutional neural network (CNN) and wirelessly sent to a smartphone, enabling wound status visualization and healing prediction. Therefore, this dressing provides a potential strategy for real-time monitoring and offers insights into chronic wound microenvironment regulation.