Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 21, 2026

Photochemical Oxidative Growth of Iridium Oxide Nanoparticles on CdSe@CdS Nanorods
Published on: February 11, 2016
Iridium Artificial Metalloenzymes Enabled Photo-Enzymatic Radical Indolone Synthesis
Nandita Ahalyan1, Hirak Jyoti Deka1, Subal Mondal1
1Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, India.
None:
Biotin-streptavidin artificial metalloenzymes (ArMs) provide a platform to integrate transition-metal catalysis within a protein-defined microenvironment. Traditional indolone syntheses often rely on transition metal catalysts, high temperatures, and strong oxidants, limiting functional-group tolerance, and sustainability. In this study, we report a visible-light-driven radical cyclization of acrylamides and diazo-esters to indolones mediated by a biotinylated iridium-photocatalyst. Incorporation into engineered streptavidin generates highly active photo-ArMs, enabling reactions under mild aqueous conditions at 0.01 mol% Ir loading, broad substrate scope, and TONs up to 6300. Confinement of the iridium center within the protein binding pocket enhances turnover efficiency, establishing indolone formation as a new transformation accessible via biotin-streptavidin ArMs and highlighting their potential as sustainable platforms for bioactive motif synthesis.
Related Concept Videos
Oxidation of Alkenes: Syn Dihydroxylation with Osmium Tetraoxide
Photochemical Electrocyclic Reactions: Stereochemistry
Selection Rules: Photochemical Activation
Radical Reactivity: Nucleophilic Radicals
Radical Reactivity: Intramolecular vs Intermolecular
Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...
Cycloaddition Reactions: MO Requirements for Photochemical Activation
![Cercosporin-Photocatalyzed [4+1]- and [4+2]-Annulations of Azoalkenes Under Mild Conditions](/_next/image?url=https%3A%2F%2Fcloudfront.jove.com%2FCDNSource%2Fteasers%2F60786.jpg&w=3840&q=50)
