Digital Standardized Patients: Conceptual Framework for Generative AI-Empowered Medical Education

Generative AI is driving medical education from digital support toward intelligent, interactive learning environments. The cultivation of doctor-patient communication skills requires not only technical proficiency but also communication competence, emotional sensitivity, and ethical judgment. This paper proposes a conceptual framework for AI-driven digital standardized patients (AI-SPs) to provide new approaches for communication training, humanistic education, and emotional engagement in medical curricula. This viewpoint integrates research findings from educational technology and medical education, elaborating the framework from 4 dimensions: system architecture, multimodal interaction, personality modeling, and ethical considerations. AI-SPs can provide adaptive, emotionally responsive interactions in repeatable, controllable simulated scenarios, enabling learners to experience diverse patient characteristics and clinical situations. The proposed "future learning" framework emphasizes personalization, contextualization, and reflective learning. During implementation, attention must be paid to data privacy, algorithmic bias, and human supervision. AI-SPs represent an extension of the traditional standardized patient model. They facilitate human-AI collaborative learning, support the cultivation of empathy, and provide a new pathway for the appropriate application of generative AI in medical education.