Towards neuromorphic neurotechnologies: integrating brain-inspired computing with brain-computer interfaces

Neurological disorders pose a growing global health burden, motivating advances in neural interfacing and artificial intelligence (AI). This review surveys state-of-the-art approaches for neural recording, stimulation and signal decoding and encoding across brain-computer interfaces, neuroprosthetics, and neuromodulation systems aimed at restoring function and treating neurological disorders. It highlights recent progress in AI, particularly neuromorphic computing and spiking neural networks (SNNs), and introduces Brain-Inspired Brain-Computer Interfaces (BI-BCIs) as a unifying framework for low-power, closed-loop, and miniaturized neuromorphic neurotechnologies.