Interfacial ion shuttling for quantum-confined perovskite nanocrystals toward highly efficient emission

Halide perovskite nanocrystals (NCs) are promising optoelectronic materials owing to their tunable structural and chemical characteristics across the visible spectral range. Introducing magnetic transition-metal ions can endow them with additional optical and magnetic functionalities. However, achieving efficient and controllable Mn²⁺ doping in size-confined and ensemble-uniform CsPbBr₃ NCs remains challenging, which limits systematic investigations of exciton-dopant-ion interactions. Here, we report a ligand-mediated interfacial ion shuttling (LMIS) strategy that enables efficient Mn²⁺ incorporation into size-confined CsPbBr₃ NCs under ambient conditions. In this process, oleic acid/oleylamine ligand pairs act as dynamic coordination shuttles to promote the transport of MnX₂ species across the water-toluene interface, thereby enabling interfacial dopant delivery. LMIS enables comparative studies of photophysical processes across different confinement dimensionalities and doping regimes, while maintaining high photoluminescence efficiency and allowing scale-up over more than two orders of magnitude. On the basis of this controllable doping platform, the energy transfer between host exciton emission and Mn²⁺ dopant emission can be regulated, leading to stable single-component white-light emission with CIE coordinates of (0.33, 0.32). These results suggest that LMIS may serve as a practical route for controlled dopant incorporation and photophysical modulation in confined perovskite nanostructures.