Spin-based in-sensor computing magnetic tactile sensor for rapid identification of underwater targets

Reliable underwater tactile sensing technology can promote the effective exploitation of marine resources, which is of significant importance for sustainable human development. Such technology typically requires a combination of waterproofing, intelligence, and high efficiency. Herein, we leverage the in-sensor computing (ISC) neuromorphic device architecture as an innovative platform to construct a diamond nitrogen-vacancy (NV) center-based wireless magnetic tactile sensor (ISC-NVTS). This sensor achieves highly linear force-to-magnetic signal conversion through an array of NdFeB magnetized flexible films and accomplishes ultra-fast magnetic signal detection using diamond NV center magnetic sensing unit arrays operating in a fixed-frequency mode. This wireless connection approach effectively solves the waterproofing issue for tactile electronic devices. Furthermore, we enable adjustable pressure responsivity of the sensing unit array through a microwave multi-parameter NV center electron spin resonance control method, endowing it with the advanced intelligence to execute ISC architecture-based artificial neural network algorithms. Finally, the ISC-NVTS achieved a recognition rate of 95.1% (Random noise 0.1, offline simulation) in a classification task involving five types of marine debris and organisms, with a recognition time of only 6.45 ms. We anticipate that this work will advance the further development of tactile sensors and provide support for the sustainable exploitation and utilization of marine resources.