Abnormal head movements in neurological conditions: a knowledge-based dataset with application to cervical dystonia

Abnormal head movements (AHMs) manifest across a broad spectrum of neurological disorders, however the absence of a multi-condition resource integrating kinematic measurements, clinical severity scores, and patient demographics constitutes a persistent barrier to the development of AI-driven diagnostic tools. To address this gap, this study introduces NeuroPose-AHM, a knowledge-based dataset of neurologically induced AHMs constructed through a multi-LLM extraction framework applied to 1,430 peer-reviewed publications. The dataset contains 2,763 patient-group-level records spanning 57 neurological conditions, derived from 846 AHM-relevant papers. Inter-LLM reliability analysis confirms robust extraction performance, with study-level classification achieving strong agreement (κ = 0.822). To demonstrate the dataset's analytical utility, a four-task framework is applied to cervical dystonia (CD), the AHM-related condition most directly caused by patterned dystonic muscle contraction. First, Task 1 performs multi-label AHM type classification (F1 = 0.750). Task 2 constructs the Head-Neck Severity Index (HNSI), a unified metric that normalizes heterogeneous clinical rating scales. The clinical relevance of this index is then evaluated in Task 3, where HNSI is compared against real-world CD patient data, with aligned severe-band proportions (6.7%) providing a preliminary plausibility indication that the ordinal heuristic could be appropriately calibrated within the high severity range. Finally, Task 4 performs bridge analysis between movement-type probabilities and HNSI scores, producing significant correlations (p < 0.001). These results demonstrate the analytical utility of NeuroPose-AHM as a structured, knowledge-based resource for neurological AHM research. The NeuroPose-AHM dataset is publicly available on Zenodo (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.19386862).