Communicating a Congenital Cytomegalovirus Diagnosis: Parent Experiences and a Clinical Framework

Congenital cytomegalovirus (cCMV) is characterized by highly variable outcomes; how diagnostic information is communicated to families is critical, yet parent experiences of communication following a cCMV diagnosis are not well described. The objective was to examine parent experiences of communication following a cCMV diagnosis and identify opportunities to improve communication in the setting of clinical uncertainty. The method used was semi-structured interviews with 41 mothers of children with cCMV explored communication of diagnostic results, interactions with healthcare providers, and perceptions of information clarity, timing, and adequacy. Transcripts were analyzed using thematic analysis. Participants described variability in diagnostic communication, including differences in timing, modality, and content. Some received in-person counseling, whereas others learned of the diagnosis through phone calls, written communication, or electronic health portals prior to provider contact. Many reported limited explanation, insufficient anticipatory guidance, and inconsistent or incomplete information across providers. These communication gaps contributed to confusion, increased reliance on external information sources, and diminished trust in the healthcare system. Participants emphasized the importance of clear, compassionate communication that acknowledges uncertainty while providing actionable guidance. Communication surrounding cCMV diagnosis is inconsistent and often does not meet family needs. Diagnostic disclosure should function as a clinical intervention requiring clear, patient-centered, longitudinal communication to support families navigating uncertainty.