Related Experiment Video
Updated: Aug 29, 2026
Simultaneous Laryngopharyngeal and Conventional Esophageal pH Monitoring
Published on: December 14, 2020
Association between oral manifestations and gastroesophageal reflux disease-related esophageal diseases: A scoping
Keyi Wu1, Víctor I Madariaga1, Tantry Maulina1
1Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Dentistry, Philips van Leydenlaan 25, Nijmegen, 6525 EX, the Netherlands.
Objective:
This scoping review was conducted to map evidence on associations between oral manifestations and gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) and its related esophageal diseases, including non-erosive reflux disease, erosive esophagitis, Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma.
Data:
The protocol was published on OSF (https://osf.io/8w9rv/). Eligible studies included clinical studies reporting associations between oral manifestations and GERD-related esophageal diseases. The methodological quality of the included studies was assessed using Mixed Methods Appraisal Tool (MMAT). Data were charted on study characteristics, diagnostic criteria, oral manifestations measures and key findings.
Sources:
A comprehensive search was performed in PubMed, Embase, Scopus, the Cochrane Library, Web of Science, and OPENGREY in February 2024 and updated in July 2025.
Study Selection:
In total, 162 studies were included (97% cross-sectional and 3% longitudinal). Fifty studies reported erosive tooth wear. Salivary characteristics alterations were identified across the GERD spectrum in 42 studies. Investigations into oral microbiome (n = 15) revealed associations with esophageal disease severity. Salivary pepsin was the most studied biomarker (n = 17), showing moderate but variable accuracy. Fifty-seven studies reported other oral manifestations, with burning mouth, halitosis, xerostomia, and tooth sensitivity commonly linked to GERD.
Conclusions:
Current evidence suggests possible association between GERD and specific oral manifestations such as erosive tooth wear, burning mouth and halitosis. Salivary characteristics and oral microbiome are potentially associated with the spectrum of GERD-related esophageal diseases. No salivary biomarker has achieved optimal combined sensitivity and specificity.
Clinical Significance:
This review highlights substantial opportunities for the fields of gastroenterology and dentistry to collaborate on joint clinical strategies aimed at prevention and early diagnosis.
Related Concept Videos
01:29Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease II: Clinical Features and Management
Clinical Manifestations
GERD presents itself in a multitude of ways, with symptoms varying from person to person. The hallmark symptoms are...
01:25Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease
01:29Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease I: Meaning and Pathophysiology
01:30Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction
Etiology
The primary cause of esophageal strictures is long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), accounting for about 70 to 80% of adult cases. Chronic acid reflux can lead to injury and scarring of the esophageal lining, culminating in...
01:27Esophageal Achalasia
01:21Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management
To diagnose Barrett's esophagus, healthcare providers often recommend an endoscopy for those showing symptoms of acid reflux. The procedure entails...