Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 2, 2026

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
Published on: June 11, 2012
Advanced hybrid closed-loop therapy for type 1 diabetes in a correctional facility: a real-world case series
Valentina Anelli1, Cristina Cairone2, Federico Bertuzzi3
1Diabetology Unit ASST Niguarda Hospital, Piazza Ospedale Maggiore 3, Milan, 20162, Italy. valentina.anelli@ospedaleniguarda.it.
Background:
Management of type 1 diabetes (T1D) in correctional facilities is challenging due to limited autonomy, restricted access to technologies, and non-flexible daily routines.
Objective:
To evaluate the feasibility and short-term glycemic outcomes of advanced hybrid closed-loop (aHCL) systems in individuals with T1D in a correctional setting.
Methods:
We conducted a retrospective real-world case series including adults with T1D incarcerated in a correctional facility and initiated on an advanced hybrid closed-loop (aHCL) system. Glycemic metrics were assessed at baseline and after 3 months. Continuous variables are reported as median (IQR). Paired comparisons were performed using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test.
Results:
Six individuals were included and five completed follow-up. Median HbA1c decreased from 9.7% to 7.8% (p = 0.043). Median time in range (TIR) increased from 41% to 49%, while time below range (TBR) and time above range (TAR) decreased from 0.5% to 0% and from 57.5% to 43%, respectively, although these changes were not statistically significant. No severe hypoglycemia or diabetic ketoacidosis events occurred.
Conclusions:
Use of aHCL systems in a correctional setting was feasible and associated with improved HbA1c without increased hypoglycemia. These findings support the potential role of advanced diabetes technologies in restricted environments.
Related Concept Videos
Type I Diabetes I: Introduction
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
Type II Diabetes I: Introduction
Type I Diabetes III: Clinical Manifestations
Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
Insulin: Dosing Regimen and Adverse Effects
The basal dose constitutes about 40%-50% of the total daily dose, with the rest as premeal insulin. The mealtime insulin dose should mirror...