Integrated Neurology Models for Population Health: Case Studies and Lessons From Academic Health Systems

Neurologic disorders are a leading cause of disability worldwide, yet US specialty care remains fragmented and reactive. Integrated population-health models that embed neurology within coordinated systems can improve access, efficiency, and outcomes.

We reviewed case studies from 5 diverse academic health systems-Cleveland Clinic, Mayo Clinic, Mass General Brigham, Kaiser Permanente, and Vanderbilt University Medical Center. Strategies included embedding neurologists in primary care, deploying low-cost telehealth networks, and aligning incentives for value-based care. These programs demonstrated improved timeliness, patient satisfaction, and resource utilization, while highlighting persistent challenges such as reimbursement uncertainty, workforce burnout, and digital inequities.

Key elements-team-based care, telehealth, and shared governance-are adaptable beyond large academic centers. Transparent cost analyses, alternative payment models, and policies addressing licensure and equity will be essential to scale integrated neurology and sustain innovation across community and rural settings.