Image-Guided and Fluorescence-Guided Surgery in Pediatric Oncology: Current State of the Art

This article reviews the evolving role of image-guided surgery (IGS) and fluorescence-guided surgery (FGS) in pediatric solid tumor surgery. Owing to tumor biology, small anatomy, and the need for organ preservation, pediatric surgical oncology demands exceptional precision. IGS enhances spatial orientation through 3-dimensional modeling, navigation, and augmented reality, while FGS provides real-time functional and molecular visualization of tumors, lymph nodes, and critical structures. The integration of these complementary technologies enables more accurate resections, improved margin control, and reduced morbidity. Emerging advances in artificial intelligence, targeted fluorescent tracers, and multimodal data fusion signal a shift toward personalized, data-driven pediatric surgical oncology.