[Pathophysiological process of vocal fold injury repair and new advances in regenerative therapy]

The repair of vocal fold injury is a complex process involving inflammatory response, cell proliferation, and extracellular matrix（ECM） remodeling. Aberrant repair can lead to scar formation and voice dysfunction. Recent research has revealed that this process is tightly regulated by a sophisticated network of cytokines, including TGF-β and HGF, and signaling pathways such as JAK/STAT and Wnt/β-catenin. Building on this deepened understanding of molecular mechanisms, vocal fold repair strategies are entering a new era of regenerative medicine. This article systematically elaborates on the pathophysiological and molecular events across various repair stages and reviews the latest therapeutic advances. These include targeting key cytokines, modulating signaling pathways, and utilizing stem cells and bioactive scaffolds（e.g., hyaluronic acid, decellularized matrices） to remodel the ECM. These interventions aim to suppress fibrosis at its root and promote functional tissue regeneration, offering promising new directions for overcoming the clinical challenge of vocal fold scarring.