[Research progress on tertiary lymphoid structures in chronic rhinosinusitis and nasopharyngeal carcinoma]

Tertiary lymphoid structures（TLSs）are acpuired lymphoid aggregates in non-lymphoid tissues and play a significant role in the evolution, treatment, and prognosis of chronic inflammatory and tumor-related diseases.In recent years, research on TLSs has gradually expanded in the fields of chronic rhinosinusitis（CRS）and nasopharyngeal carcinoma（NPC）.Its existence is closely related to the progression of chronic inflammatory diseases and the improvement of tumor immunotherapy efficacy.This article comprehensively analyzes the research progress of TLSs in CRS and NPC, discusses the structural characteristics, formation regulatory mechanisms, and the role of TLSs in the treatment of CRS and NPC, further explores the potential of TLSs as prognostic markers and therapeutic targets, and points out their dual roles of exacerbating inflammation in CRS and promoting immune surveillance in NPC.It also looks forward to the future direction of jointly promoting the clinical translation of TLSs research through multi-omics technologies and artificial intelligence.