Efficacy of Vericiguat by Background Guideline-Directed Medical Therapy in the VICTOR Trial

It is uncertain whether the effect of vericiguat varies across levels of background guideline-directed medical therapy (GDMT) in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).

We conducted an exploratory analysis of VICTOR, which enrolled 6105 ambulatory patients with HFrEF without recent worsening. GDMT exposure was classified as basic adherence (on vs. off), indication-corrected adherence (accounting for eligibility and contraindications), and dose-corrected adherence (≥50% target dose). A GDMT intensity score was computed from class-specific dose levels. The primary endpoint was the composite of cardiovascular death or first HF hospitalization. Stratified Cox proportional hazards regression models estimated adjusted hazard ratios for vericiguat versus placebo within GDMT strata, with treatment-by-GDMT interaction test.

Baseline contemporary GDMT use was high (any ARNI/ACE/ARB 93.9%, ARNI 56%, SGLT2i 59%, MRA 78%, beta-blocker 94%). Basic adherence: adjusted HRs for the primary endpoint were similar whether or not patients were on ACEi/ARB, ARNI, any RAS inhibitor, beta-blocker, or SGLT2i. Dose-corrected adherence: adjusted HRs favored vericiguat in ARNI target-dose users (0.73; 0.57-0.93) and in any RAS target-dose users (0.77; 0.64-0.93), with lower risk on vericiguat in patients not meeting MRA target dose (0.67; 0.48-0.95); interaction P-values were nominally significant. The GDMT intensity score showed no significant interaction with treatment. Patterns for cardiovascular death and all-cause death paralleled the primary endpoint.

In ambulatory patients with HFrEF receiving contemporary GDMT, we did not find convincing evidence that the neutral effect of vericiguat on cardiovascular death or first HF hospitalization was modified by GDMT class, dose attainment, or overall intensity, in a cohort with very high background GDMT use and limited power for interaction testing. These exploratory, hypothesis-generating findings do not establish independent efficacy or pathway additivity for vericiguat and should not be used to guide clinical recommendations regarding GDMT sequencing.