Anti-CD33 Antibody-Drug Conjugate (Gemtuzumab ozogamicin) in Adult Acute Myeloid Leukemia: Real Life Data from Iraq

Recent progress in immunotherapy has developed novel approaches to overcome some immune evasion mechanisms in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Notably, antibody-drug conjugates (ADCs) emerged as a promising method. This study presents real-world data on AML patients treated with Gemtuzumab ozogamicin (GO) (ADCs) to guide treatment strategies and provide further evidence regarding its efficacy.

Thirty adult AML patients (treatment-naïve and relapsed/refractory), FLT3 negative and CD33-positive, were enrolled in this study to receive GO alone or with chemotherapy. Treatment response was evaluated using European Leukemia Net guidelines.

Result show a 50% overall response rate (46.7% complete remission and 3.3% partial remission). higher complete remission rates (78.5%) in treatment-naive AML patients compared to relapsed/refractory cases (21.5%). Following initial induction, 10 patients-maintained remission, while 14 succumbed to the disease, predominantly early during induction therapy. The Survival advantage in newly diagnosed patients (10.45months) compared to those with relapsed/refractory patients (5.63 months, P = 0.015).

Go served as a target therapy and served as an antibody-based target therapies, attained significant rate of response and improved survival outcomes in both treatment- naïve and those with relapsed/refractory AML patients, that emphasizes its role as part of induction and salvage regimens in parallel enhanced supportive care could further improve outcome.

The online version contains supplementary material available at https://doi.org/10.1007/s12288-025-02247-w.