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Neurogenic Cardiac Syndromes: Pathophysiology and Classification
Anil Sahin1, Mehmet Birhan Yilmaz2
1Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine, Canakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale 17020, Türkiye.
Abstract:
Neurogenic cardiac syndromes (NCS) encompass cardiac rhythm, functional, and hemodynamic abnormalities triggered or amplified by neurologic injury, autonomic dysfunction, or stress-related central nervous system activation. This article summarizes the brain-heart axis, shared mechanisms including sympathetic overactivation, vagal withdrawal, impaired heart rate variability and baroreflex sensitivity, neuroinflammation, endothelial dysfunction, and myocardial stunning, and proposes a practical classification framework. Acute brain injury-related, seizure-related, chronic autonomic failure-related, stress-related, and heart failure-associated NCS phenotypes are integrated to support earlier recognition, monitoring, and multidisciplinary management.
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