Experiences and coping strategies related to constipation among individuals with cancer: a qualitative study

Constipation is a common and distressing symptom among individuals with cancer, yet its subjective impact on patients' daily lives remains insufficiently understood. This study aimed to explore the experiences of constipation and the coping strategies used by individuals receiving cancer treatment.

A qualitative descriptive design was used. Between February and June 2024, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 20 cancer patients in the oncology unit of a hospital. Data were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed using inductive content analysis.

Four themes emerged from the analysis: physical effects, psychological effects, social and lifestyle effects, and coping strategies. Participants described constipation as a multidimensional experience characterized by abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, fatigue, reduced mobility, emotional distress, persistent symptom-related concerns, social withdrawal, and disruption of daily activities. Participants frequently reported difficulties maintaining household responsibilities, social relationships, and everyday routines. To manage symptoms, they employed a range of dietary, behavioral, and psychological coping strategies, including increased fluid intake, dietary modifications, physical activity, positive thinking, and support from family members. Across all themes, constipation was experienced as a loss of bodily and daily-life control that extended beyond bowel dysfunction and affected physical, emotional, and social well-being.

Constipation was perceived not merely as a gastrointestinal symptom but as a multidimensional burden affecting autonomy, daily functioning, and quality of life. These findings highlight the importance of comprehensive constipation assessment and person-centered supportive care that addresses physical, psychological, and social dimensions of symptom burden. Early identification and holistic management of constipation may help improve quality of life among individuals living with cancer.