Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 15, 2026

Plunge Freezing: A Tool for the Ultrastructural and Immunolocalization Studies of Suspension Cells in Transmission Electron Microscopy
Published on: May 5, 2017
Freeze-Drying of Proteins
Paul Kropp1, Theresa Goettling1, Wolfgang Friess2
1Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, Munich, Germany.
Abstract:
Freeze-drying is a well-established method for preserving unstable proteins. This guide details how to freeze dry proteins, comprising equipment selection, primary packaging, and sample preparation, including proper filling, vial placement and closure. The chapter outlines reliable freezing, primary drying and secondary drying protocols, advising on temperature and pressure parameters. Finally, a range of physicochemical characterization methods, such as visual inspection, freeze-drying microscopy, DSC, Karl-Fischer titration, NIR, XRD, and BET are presented to ensure product quality and stability.
Related Concept Videos
Cryo-electron Microscopy
Protein Folding
Protein Folding
Protein Structure Is Critical to Its Biological Function
Proteins perform a wide range of biological functions such as catalyzing chemical reactions, providing...

