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Delphi-based consensus studies: persistent challenges of bias

Prashant Nasa1, Marcus J Schultz2, Deven Juneja3

  • 1Department of Critical Care Medicine and Anaesthesia, New Cross Hospital, The Royal Wolverhampton, NHS Trust, Wolverhampton, UK; Department of Intensive Care, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.

British Journal of Anaesthesia
|September 15, 2026
PubMed

Keywords:
Delphi methodologybiascognitive biasconsensus developmentmethodological biasqualitative research

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