Lignocellulosic waste biomass as a valuable energy source for bioethanol production: a review

The global search for sustainable biofuels has accelerated due to the depletion of fossil fuel reserves and growing environmental concerns about greenhouse gas emissions. Because these are widely available and have the potential to lower carbon footprints. Bioethanol made from lignocellulosic biomass stands out among other biofuel options. Examining the composition, pre-treatment techniques, and biochemical conversion processes of lignocellulosic biomass, this work thoroughly examines its potential as a substrate for the generation of bioethanol. The importance of pre-treatment techniques, such as physical, chemical, biological, and hybrid approaches, has been assessed critically in terms of how they improve biomass digestibility and enhance sugar release. With an emphasis on optimising yield and process efficiency, developments in hydrolysis, fermentation, and ethanol recovery processes have also been covered. Notwithstanding its benefits, the manufacture of lignocellulosic bioethanol is fraught with technological and financial difficulties, requiring further research and development. In order to increase commercial viability, future prospects must have a strong emphasis on integrating sustainable biorefinery models, genetically engineered microbial strains, and affordable pre-treatment technologies. Lignocellulosic bioethanol has the potential to be a key component of the worldwide renewable energy transition, guaranteeing a more sustainable and greener future, provided that it continues to advance and receives regulatory support.