Rapid and Green Extraction of Food Contaminants: Integrating Advanced Porous Materials and Miniaturized Functional...

The rapid and reliable monitoring of trace contaminants through chromatographic and mass spectrometric analysis is a very important but challenging task in food safety monitoring, in which efficient sample pretreatment is critical. Integrating advanced porous materials (e.g., metal-organic frameworks, covalent organic frameworks, and molecularly imprinted polymers) with miniaturized functional platforms (e.g., metal probes, wooden tips, and filter paper) offers a promising solution. This "porous material to miniaturized platform" integration enables green and efficient sample pretreatment for chromatographic and mass spectrometric systems. When coupled with ambient mass spectrometry (AMS), this integration further enhances detection efficiency and enables on-site screening of food contaminants. This review systematically summarizes the recent advancements in rapid and green sample preparation for chromatographic and mass spectrometric detection, highlighting how the integration of porous materials with miniaturized platforms enhances sensitivity and selectivity in food contaminant analysis. Their latest applications in detecting pesticide residues, veterinary drugs, biotoxins, and processing contaminants are outlined. Finally, we conclude by discussing the challenges and future perspectives, including material stability in real matrices, artificial intelligence-assisted material design, platform-instrument integration, and method standardization. This work is expected to encourage consolidated efforts across porous materials, miniaturized platforms, and chromatographic/mass spectrometric detection, ultimately inspiring routine, on-site, and green analysis of food contaminants.