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Updated: Sep 19, 2026
Standardized In vitro Assays to Visualize and Quantify Interactions between Human Neutrophils and Staphylococcus aureus Biofilms
Published on: June 8, 2022
High-Throughput Characterization of Human Fibroblast Responses to a Panel of Staphylococcus aureus Antigen Proteins
Rajaa S D Dalloul1, Muhammad U Sohail1,2, Sareena Chennakkandathil1
1Weill Cornell Medicine Qatar, Proteomics Core, Doha, Qatar.
Background:
Staphylococcus aureus is a major human pathogen that can elicit immune-inflammatory responses and infections, largely driven by its broad repertoire of antigenic proteins. Understanding these factors is valuable for elucidating mechanisms of infection.
Method:
Fifty-two recombinant S. aureus antigen proteins were individually applied to cultured human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs). Following antigen stimulation of confluent HDFs (52 antigens + 44 controls; in 3 replicate plates), host protein responses were quantified using Olink inflammation, cardiovascular II, and III proteomic platforms. Data were analyzed using unsupervised clustering, differential expression analysis, and correlation network modeling to identify patterns of immune-inflammatory signals.
Results:
Unsupervised analysis identified 3 distinct host-response clusters, with concordant separation observed across hierarchical clustering (Ward.D2) and t-distributed stochastic neighbor embedding (t-SNE) projection. These clusters can be broadly defined as a cytotoxic/inflammatory antigen cluster (Cluster_1), enriched for key virulence factors (eg, HlgA, Atl.1, SasG.2) and characterized by marked upregulation of inflammatory mediators (including IL-6, IL-8, CXCL1, and CCL3). An immune modulation/surface protein cluster (Cluster_2), comprising adhesins and immune-evasion proteins (eg, Chp, SSL11, Atl.2), was associated with selective upregulation of AXIN1, IL-33, and DECR1. A small outlier antigen cluster (Cluster_4), consisting of LuKE and SdrD.1, did not exhibit a clearly defined host-response profile. Differential expression analysis identified 12 core host proteins-including COL1A1, CXCL1, CXCL16, DLK-1, GLO1, IGFBP-1, IL33, IL6, IL8, MCP-1, TNF, and TRAIL-R2-with consistent and significant changes across clusters (false discovery rate [FDR]-adjusted P < .01).
Conclusions:
This preliminary study suggests that S. aureus antigen proteins trigger a coordinated immune-inflammatory cascade in HDFs.
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