Anti-Inflammatory Activity of Capparis cartilaginea Decne. Essential Oil and Its Main Constituents via Modulation of the NLRP3 Inflammasome
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Updated: Sep 22, 2026

Activation and Measurement of NLRP3 Inflammasome Activity Using IL-1β in Human Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells
Published on: May 22, 2014
Bashaer Alsharif1, Nadhim Hante2,3, María Jose Santos-Martínez2,4
1Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Umm Al-Qura University, Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
Abstract:
Capparis cartilaginea Decne. (C. cartilaginea) is traditionally used for the management of inflammatory conditions; however, the contribution of its volatile constituents to these effects remains poorly understood. This study evaluated the anti-inflammatory activity of the essential oil of C. cartilaginea and its major constituents, isopropyl isothiocyanate and 2-methylbutanenitrile, using an in vitro model of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in THP-1 human macrophages. The essential oil and its main constituents significantly reduced cytokine release and nitric oxide (NO) production compared with LPS-stimulated controls. These effects were associated with modulation of the NLRP3 inflammasome and inhibition of caspase-1 activation, partly mediated through MAPK-dependent pathways. In addition, treatment significantly inhibited NF-κB activation and phosphorylation. Overall, these findings demonstrate that the volatile fraction contributes to the anti-inflammatory activity of C. cartilaginea, providing mechanistic support for its traditional use.
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