Related Experiment Video
Updated: Sep 23, 2026

Using Laser Scanning Microscopy to Determine Electromigration in Molybdenum Disilicide
Published on: May 23, 2025
Matrix thermodynamic uncertainty relation for non-Abelian charge transport
1Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco, Departamento de Física, Recife, PE, Brazil.
Abstract:
Thermodynamic uncertainty relations (TURs) bound current precision by entropy production, but transport of noncommuting (non-Abelian) charges lacks a single joint classical record of all current components. We derive an operational, process-level matrix TUR for this setting from the entropy production Σ=D(ρ_{SE}^{'}∥ρ_{S}^{'}⊗ρ_{E}). Isolating the bath divergence D_{bath}=D(ρ_{E}^{'}∥ρ_{E}), we prove a fully nonlinear, saturable lower bound valid for arbitrary current vectors Δq: D_{bath}≥B(Δq,V,V^{'}), where the bound depends only on the transported-charge signal Δq and on the pre- and postcollision covariance matrices V and V^{'} reconstructed from separate probe measurement settings. In the small-fluctuation regime D_{bath}≥1/2Δq^{T}V^{-1}Δq+O(∥Δq∥^{4}), while beyond linear response the full integral bound remains valid. Numerical strong-coupling qubit collisions illustrate the bound and its near-saturation using only local measurements on the bath probe.
Related Concept Videos
Carrier Transport
Drift Current:
The drift of charge carriers is started by an external electric field (E). Charged particles, such as electrons and holes, experience an acceleration between collisions with lattice atoms. For electrons, this results in a drift velocity (vd) given by:
Maxwell's Thermodynamic Relations
All thermodynamic potentials are exact differentials. Therefore, their second-order...
Second Uniqueness Theorem
In contrast, consider that the electric field is non-unique and apply Gauss's law in divergence form in the region between the conductors and the integral form to the surface...
Boundary Conditions for Current Density
Magnetostatic Boundary Conditions
Electrostatic Boundary Conditions
The surface integral of an electric field is given by Gauss's law in integral form and is related to...
