[One Health in action: China's fight against schistosomiasis]

Schistosomiasis, a zoonotic infectious disease, remains one of the major public health concerns in the world. As a country endemic for schistosomiasis with a long history and substantial disease burdens, China has sustained successive control efforts for over seven decades in the context of the One Health concept, establishing a cross-sectoral collaboration mechanism encompassing health, agriculture, water development resources, and forestry and grassland sectors. A package of interventions have been employed tailored to management of the source of Schistosoma japonicum infections, Oncomelania hupensis snail control, improved water supply and sanitation, environmental modification, and risk surveillance, and a "human-animal-environment" collaborative prevention and control model has been gradually generated. As a consequence, the transmission of schistosomiasis was interrupted across China in 2023. To achieve the goal of schistosomiasis elimination and sustainably consolidate the achievements of elimination in China, it is still necessary to enhance the long-term cross-sectoral coordination mechanism, promote interdisciplinary collaboration for innovating control technologies and strategies, establish an intelligent surveillance network covering the entire region, and strengthen the response and emergency management capabilities. In addition, distilling China's schistosomiasis control and elimination experiences will provide a "One Health" model for the prevention and control of other parasitic and tropical diseases, thereby contributing to global disease control and sustainable development.