[Urethritis: screening and 2026 recommendations for primary care]

Sexually transmitted infections remain a major public health concern, including in Switzerland, where the number of gonorrhoea cases increased by 17% between 2023 and 2024. Urethritis is mainly caused by: Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, and Mycoplasma genitalium. Current strategies target screening of three populations: women under 25, men who have sex with men, and partners of confirmed cases. Self-sampling is a valid alternative to professional sampling. Doxy-PEP (Doxycycline Post-Exposure Prophylaxis), a new prevention tool, is effective against syphilis and chlamydia. Finally, financial and confidentiality barriers limiting access to care remain a major challenge.