iRoot BP Plus Sustains Mitochondrial Homeostasis in Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells Subjected to Oxidative Stress

Oxidative stress in inflamed pulp tissue compromises dental pulp stem cell survival, yet whether bioceramic materials preserve mitochondrial homeostasis under such conditions remains unclear. The present study demonstrates that iRoot BP Plus, a premixed calcium silicate cement, protects human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) from H₂O₂-induced oxidative injury through comprehensive mitochondrial protection. iRoot BP Plus significantly restored cell viability, reduced intracellular ROS accumulation, and stabilized mitochondrial membrane potential. Morphometric analysis revealed preserved mitochondrial network integrity with maintained aspect ratio and branching complexity. Mechanistically, iRoot BP Plus upregulated biogenesis regulators (PGC-1α, TFAM, NRF-1), suppressed fission gene DRP1 overexpression, and restored fusion gene MFN2 expression. These findings establish that iRoot BP Plus confers cytoprotection by maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis across structural, functional and transcriptional dimensions, providing mechanistic rationale for its clinical efficacy and highlighting mitochondrial protection as a therapeutic target in vital pulp therapy.