The Role of Fat-Soluble Vitamins in the Prevention and Management of Atopic Dermatitis

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterized by epidermal barrier dysfunction, immune dysregulation, and increased oxidative stress. The current treatment strategies include topical corticosteroids, calcineurin inhibitors, and systemic immunomodulators. However, long-term use of steroids and other immunomodulators has unwanted side effects, and therefore recent interest has shifted towards complementary natural therapeutic approaches. Several studies indicate that natural plant-based antioxidants may help prevent AD. Specifically, a few studies demonstrated the significance of fat-soluble vitamins (A, D, E, and K) in controlling AD, owing to their strong roles in antioxidant defense, immune regulation, and maintenance of epidermal barrier integrity. In this review, we discussed recent evidence demonstrating the significant biological and therapeutic roles of fat-soluble vitamins in AD. We also discussed how vitamins A, D, E, and K may influence multiple mechanisms involved in AD pathogenesis and their potential as adjuvant therapy. Based on limited preclinical and clinical data, additional well-designed mechanistic and clinical trials are needed to establish their therapeutic efficacy in treating AD.