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Thyroid hormone levels during glucose tolerance test in euthyroid subjects.

B N Premachandra, V V Gossain, I B Perlstein

    Clinical Endocrinology
    |February 1, 1979
    PubMed
    Summary

    Dietary glucose does not acutely affect thyroid hormone levels in healthy individuals. A glucose tolerance test showed no significant changes in thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), or reverse triiodothyronine (rT3) levels.

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    Area of Science:

    • Endocrinology
    • Metabolism
    • Thyroid Hormone Research

    Background:

    • Thyroid hormones, including thyroxine (T4), triiodothyronine (T3), and reverse triiodothyronine (rT3), play crucial roles in regulating metabolism.
    • Peripheral monodeiodination is a key process converting T4 to its active (T3) and inactive (rT3) forms, influencing thyroid hormone availability.
    • The impact of acute glucose and insulin fluctuations on this conversion process in healthy individuals remains an area of interest.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the acute effects of a glucose load on peripheral thyroid hormone metabolism.
    • To determine if glucose and insulin levels influence the monodeiodination of thyroxine in euthyroid subjects.

    Main Methods:

    • A standard oral glucose tolerance test (100g glucose) was administered to twelve healthy euthyroid volunteers.

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  • Thyroid hormone levels (T4, T3, rT3) and free thyroxine were measured using radioimmunoassays at baseline and over a 3-hour period post-glucose administration.
  • Simultaneously, glucose and insulin levels were monitored to assess their dynamic changes.

    • Main Results:

    • Fasting levels of T4, T3, rT3, and free thyroxine remained stable throughout the 3-hour study period post-glucose load.
    • Observed glucose and insulin level variations followed typical patterns for a standard glucose tolerance test.
    • No significant correlations were found between glucose/insulin variations and thyroid hormone concentrations at any time point.

    Conclusions:

    • Acute dietary glucose intake does not acutely alter peripheral thyroxine monodeiodination in healthy euthyroid individuals.
    • The study suggests that immediate metabolic responses to glucose do not significantly impact thyroid hormone conversion pathways.