New and Emerging Treatments of Food Allergy

Immunoglobulin E (IgE)-mediated food allergy (FA) affects millions worldwide and imposes significant health, economic, and psychosocial burdens. Historically, management relied on allergen avoidance and emergency treatment, leaving patients at persistent risk. Recent advances have transformed FA care, with disease-modifying strategies now capable of desensitization and, in some cases, remission. Allergen immunotherapies raise reaction thresholds and reduce risk from accidental exposures. Emerging biologics, small molecules, and novel adjuvants target IgE, type 2 cytokines, and allergic signaling pathways, either alone or in combination with immunotherapy, to enhance efficacy and safety. Precision approaches leveraging biomarkers and endotypes may enable individualized therapy.