AA and Pregnancy

AA is a crucial fatty acid in pregnancy, especially for the growth and development of the fetus and its central nervous system (CNS). As already discussed in the previous chapters, AA regulates inflammation, immune response, and cell signaling. AA has a modulatory action on gene expression, serves as a mechanotransducer, and regulates cell membrane fluidity. By regulating cell membrane fluidity, AA modulates the expression and binding of several receptors located on the cell membrane. Eicosanoids derived from AA have both beneficial and harmful effects on pregnancy. For instance, (i) AA metabolites such as 14,15-EET and 15-HETE are associated with gestational hypertension and preeclampsia, (ii) AA in association with DHA is crucial for the fetal nervous system and neurocognitive development of the newborn, and (iii) for the growth and development of the fetus, especially during the third trimester. LA and AA are involved in human fertility and in the pathobiology of gestational diabetes.