Two-dimensional mesoporous materials: Synthetic strategies and emerging applications

Two-dimensional (2D) mesoporous materials are an emerging class of porous nanostructures that combine mesoporosity with an ultrathin 2D geometry. Owing to their ultrathin geometry, high surface accessibility, shortened transport pathways, and anisotropic architectures, these materials have demonstrated exceptional promise in a broad range of applications, including catalysis, energy storage and conversion, sensing, and biomedicine. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of recent developments in 2D mesoporous materials, with particular emphasis on their synthetic principles, structural regulation strategies, and representative material systems. We further provide a critical analysis of representative applications by linking two-dimensional morphology, mesopore architecture, pore-wall characteristics, and secondary assembly to interfacial reactivity, biological interactions, and device-level performance. Finally, the key challenges associated with scalable synthesis, mechanistic understanding, structural regulation, and application-oriented design are discussed, together with future perspectives for advancing the next generation of 2D mesoporous materials.