Donor-derived bladder cancer following kidney transplantation

Kidney transplantation is associated with elevated cancer risk. We report a 75- year-old woman diagnosed with bladder cancer five years after receiving a kidney transplant from a male donor. Whole genome sequencing of this tumor revealed many DNA reads that mapped to the Y chromosome, and fluorescent in situ hybridization identified that 32% of tumor cells had a Y chromosome. These results support a donor origin of this cancer, with the most plausible source being the urothelium of the donor allograft. Sequencing also identified BK polyomavirus, which likely contributed to the development of this cancer.