Investigations on flow dynamics and microstructure and their contribution to urolith genesis

Stones originating in the tubular system may grow in the renal calyces without being excreted. From the analysis of flow dynamics nearly steady turbulences with long retention times should be expected, in which particles with a density of about 1.0 can grow. By this, hydrodynamics would support the matrix theory of stone genesis. Microscopic structures of the central stone regions also support 'organic early stages in urolith genesis.'